154 THE ESSEX NATURALIST References Barker, G. M. A. (1972). Wildlife Conservation in the Care of Churches and Churchyards. Church Information Office. London. Ferry, B. W., Baddeley, M. S. and Hawksworth, D. L. (ed.) (1973). Air Pollution and Lichens. London. Hawksworth, D. L., Rose, F. (1970). Qualitative scale for estimating sulphur dioxide pollution in England and Wales using epiphytic lichens. Nature, 227: 145-148. Hawksworth, D. L., Rose, F. & Coppens, B. J. (1973). Changes in the lichen flora of England and Wales attributable to pollution of the air by sulphur dioxide. In: Ferry, B. W., Baddeley, M. S. and Hawksworth, D. L. (ed.) Air Pollution and Lichens: 330-367. London. James, P. W. (1965). A new check-list of British lichens. Lichenologist, 3: 95-153. James, P. W. (1966). A new check-list of British lichens: Additions and correc- tions—1. Lichenologist, 3: 242-247. Laundon, J. R. (1958). The lichen vegetation of Bookham Common. Lond. Nat. 37: 66-79. Laundon, J. R. (1967). A study of the lichen flora of London. Lichenologist, 3: 279-327. Laundon, J. R. (1973). Changes in the lichen flora of Bookham Commons with increased air pollution and other factors. Lond. Nat. 52: 82-92. Warren Spring Laboratory. (1972). National Survey of Air Pollution 1961-71. 1. H.M.S.O., London. Figure 1 Urbanisation and main localities referred to in the text. 1, Galleywood Common (52/703019); 2, Thrift Wood, Bicknacre (52/791018); 3, Railway bridge and embankment, Hutton (51/627967); 4, 6 Fairview Avenue, Hutton (51/ 631949); 5, All Saints' Church, Hutton (51/635943); 6, Havering's Grove (51/651945); 7, Great Cowbridge Grange (51/653953); 8, 117 Norsey Road, Billericay (51/687960); 9, Norsey Farm, Billericay (51/688961); 10, Norsey Wood, Billericay (51/688955); 11, Botney Hill Farm, Little Burstead (51/653917); 12, Dunton Lodge, Herongate (51/644911); 13, St Mary's Church, Little Burstead (51/668915); 14, Congregational Church, Billericay (51/675943); 15, Brock Hill (51/738964); 16, All Saints' Church, Rettendon (51/770960); 17, St. Mary's Church, Runwell (51/754944); 18, Railway bridge, near Dunton Hall (51/658881); 19, Disused barracks, Langdon Hills (51/668863); 20, Westley Heights, Langdon Hills (51/688867); 21, One Tree Hill (51/697861); 22, North Benfleet (51/753896); 23, Pitsea Marsh (51/738868). ■, Urban areas;------, boundary of area studied.