126
The Galls of Essex ; a Contribution to a
Rosa canina, L. Leaflet. The
leaflets are conduplicate — folded
longitudinally and thickened, and
this pseudo-gall is generally reddish
brown in colour. The whitish larvae
quit the leaves and pupate in
the ground. Cecidomyia Rosarum,
Hardy. (Fig. 9).
Crataegus Oxyacantha, L. Leaf.
The twigs, especially of trimmed
hedges, are frequently disfigured

with terminal rosettes of leaves ;
these are much distorted, curled

Fig. 9.
Cecidomyia Rosarum
and thickened. The larvae some-
times pupate in the galled bunch of leaves, but more gene-
rally in the earth. Cecidomyia Crataegi, Winnertz.
Onagraceae.
Epilobium montanum, L. Stem. The stems are swollen in
places into hard, round, knots of about the size of a pea, but
their growth is hardly interfered with. The white cocoons
sticking out of the stem are conspicuous objects after the
emergence of the moths. Laverna decorella, Stephens.
Umbelliferae.
Pimpinella Saxifraga, L. Seeds.
One or both seeds are much en-
larged and rounded, remaining
smooth and green ; often several
are galled on one umbel. These
galls also occur in the umbels of
parsnip and carrot. The bright

orange larvae pupate in the ground.

Fig. 10.
Asphondylia Pimpinella.
Asphondylia Pimpinellae, F. Low.
(Fig. 10, as it occurs on Daucus).
Cornaceae.
Cornus sanguinea, L. Leaf. The gall consists of a hard,
reddish, truncate cone thrust half-way through the leaf, and