6 The Ancient Fauna of Essex,
The following is a list of the land and fresh-water shells
which wore obtained by me from the shell-marl at the
Reservoirs of the East London Water-works Company,
Walthamstow Marshes, Essex :—
Helix hortensis, Muller.
,, nemoralis, Linn.
,, arbustorum, Linn.
,, ericetorum, Mull.
,, caperata, Montf.
,, hispida, Linn.
Succinea putris, Linn.
Zua lubrica, Mull.
Clausilia bidens, Mull.
Limnea stagnalis, Linn.
,, peregra, Mull., sp,
,, auricularia, Linn., sp.
,, palustris, Linn., sp.
Limnea truncatula, Mull., sp.
Planorbis corneus, Linn., sp.
,, carinatus, Mull., sp.
,, vortex, Linn., sp.
Ancylus fluviatilis, Mull., sp.
Valvata piscinalis, Mull.
Bithinia tentaculata, Linn.
,, ventricosa, Gray.
Neritina fluviatilis, Linn.
Unio tumidus, Retz.
„ pictorum, Linn.
Pisidium amnicum, Mull.
Cyclas cornea, Linn.
Besides the Mollusca, the peat and shell-marl together
yielded many evidences of man and his works. There were
numerous skulls and portions of skeletons of both historic
and prehistoric Britons, and remains of weapons showing the
same variety of date. There were also found bronze spears
and arrow-beads, a bronze knife, a bronze handle of a late
Celtic dagger, and various examples of late Celtic earthen
pots (some hand-made, and some turned with a wheel) ; and
lastly, a flint scraper which I extracted myself from an
undisturbed bed of dark loamy clay, three feet below the
surface.
List of Mammalian and other remains obtained from the
peat and shell-marl at the Reservoirs of the East London
Water-works Company, Walthamstow Marshes, Essex
(1869):—
Mammalia.
Man.—By his osseous remains, and implements in stone,
bone, bronze, and iron.
Canis lupus, Linn. The Wolf.—Common.
Vulpes vulgaris, Briss. Fox.—Not common.
Castor europaeus, Owen. Beaver.—Several examples.
Equus caballus, Linn. Horse.—Abundant.
Sm scrofa-ferox, Linn. Wild Boar,—Abundant,