District around Maldon, Essex. 37
to the end of the list there is no species that calls for special
comment.
The Nocture recorded amount to 128,—not a very large
number, but perhaps as many as one could expect to find
in a district of the character of that under consideration.
I think that hard night-work might perhaps add some twenty
species to this list. It may almost be assumed that some of
the better "Wainscots" occur on the swampy ground near
Maldon ; and that several regular oak- and birch-feeders
exist at Danbury.
Appended is a list of all the species hitherto discovered
round Maldon, with short notes on those that call for special
remark:—
Diurni.
Papilio machaon, L.—A single specimen in 1882. Recorded
in 'Entomologist,' Oct., 1872, pp. 223-4.
Pieris Brassicae, L.—Common, but rarely appears in great
abundance.
P. rapae, L.—Very common.
P. napi, L.
Anthocharis cardamines, L.—Abundant.
Gonepteryx rhamni, L.—Fairly common, although Rham-
nus, its ordinary food-plant, is scarce.
Colias edusa, F.; C. hyale, L. — Abundant in certain
years, when they are generally distributed in the district, but
commoner near Maldon. Most plentiful in clover and
lucerne fields. In 1875 both species were abundant. In
1877 my brother, Mr. A. G. S. Raynor, took a specimen of
C. edusa, var. helice, at Hazeleigh.
Argynnis paphia, L.—Hazeleigh Wood; rare.
A. adippe, S. V.— Occurs sparingly in Parson's Wood, near
Woodham Mortimer Church.
A. euphrosyne, L.—Danbury, common ; Woodham Ferrers
Hall Wood, abundant.
A. selene, S. V.—Woodham Ferrers Hall Wood; plentiful.
Vanessa c-album, L.—Mundon. One specimen taken by
Mr. R. E. Stuart. Recorded Ent., Dec, 1872, p. 264.
V. URTICAE, L.
V. polychloros, L.—Occurs very generally. The larvae,
being gregarious when young, strip whole elm-branches, and
are very conspicuous.
V. antiopa, L.—Maldon. One specimen recorded Ent.,
Oct., 1872, p. 216. In the autumn of 1872 this species was