10 The Presidential Address.
founders of that Society, and in 1857 he was elected a Fellow
of the Linnean Society. His researches in connection with
febrifuge alkaloids led him, when at Madrid in 1858, to pur-
chase the manuscript of the 'Nueva Quinologia' of Pavon
and a large collection of specimens of Cinchona made by that
botanist in Peru. He also employed Mr. Fitch, the well-
known botanical artist, to proceed to Madrid to make
drawings from Pavon's specimens. The result was the
publication, in 1862, of Mr. Howard's magnificent illustrated
work, 'Illustrations of the "Nueva Quinologia" of Pavon,
and Observations on the Barks Described.'
When the Government of India, with the help of Messrs.
Clements Markham, Spruce, and Cross, introduced cinchona
cultivation into that country, they found Mr. Howard ready
to give them all the advice and assistance in his power with-
out a thought of recompense. He undertook analyses of all
the varieties of Peruvian bark grown in India, drew up a
series of reports invaluable to cultivators, and embodied the
results of his investigations in another costly work, the
'Quinology of the East Indian Plantations,' published in
1869. He received the thanks of Her Majesty's Government
for his services from the Duke of Argyll, then Secretary of
State for India, in 1873, and in 1874 was elected a Fellow of
the Royal Society. In October, 1883, Mr. Howard received
the Hanbury Gold Medal of the Pharmaceutical Society in
recognition of the value of his researches respecting materia
medica. A descriptive botanist and an analytical chemist
rather than a philosophising naturalist, Mr. Howard became
a Vice-President of the Victoria Institute, and published
various papers in the Journal of that Society on the recon-
ciliation of Science and Revelation. He also took considerable
interest in gardening, especially in hybridisation as bearing
on Cinchonas, of which he had a large number in culti-
vation. He was a member of numerous continental scientific
societies, and the author of numerous papers, mostly on
Quinology.
He married Maria, daughter of the late W. D. Crewdson,
of Kendal, and leaves a large number of children and grand-