xvi Journal of Proceedings.
burrows of Fossorial Hymenoptera were noticed, and Mr. W. F. Gwinnell
gathered from the Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), growing on a large
ballast-heap to the north of the engine-house, a reddish gall, which
eventually turned out to be new to Britain. [See Proceedings, May 28th.]
The steep ascent to the high ground between the northern and southern
pits was then commenced. At the summit a wide view of the landscape
and its geological features, especially southwards over the Thames, is
obtained. The character and origin of the scenery was described with
much eloquence by Professor Morris. On the north was seen Laindon
Hill (388 feet), where the Bagshot sand caps the London clay; the
Tertiaries covering the country as far as the eye could reach. At the
same elevation, on the opposite side of the Thames, a widely different
development of the rocks was seen. Owing to the continued uprise of the
beds towards the Weald, the chalk, which on the Essex side of the valley
is brought to the surface by an arch limited to the Thames Valley, soon
becomes in Kent the surface rock of the district, rising at Knockholt to
780 feet. From the height at Grays, the wooded Tertiary outliers which
diversify the comparatively treeless chalk country were pointed out;
Swanscombe, with its capping of London clay, and Cobham Mount,
capped with Oldhaven pebbles, being prominent examples. The geological
causes of the survival of some of the older features of the country and the
destruction of others were instructively described by Prof. Morris; and
with this exposition the afternoon's pleasant series of sermons in stones
may be said to have terminated. Prof. Morris had to leave for town, and
Mr. Walker gracefully expressed, on behalf of all present, the great
pleasure and profit they had derived from his teachings in the field that
afternoon. 
It was found to be impossible to carry out the intention of visiting the
brick-earth beds at Little Thurrock ("Globe Cement Company's Works,"
. permission to visit which had been kindly given by C. J. Mander, Esq.) ;
and shortly afterwards the members of the Club, with many of the
Geologists' Association, including the genial Secretary, Dr. Foulerton,
F.G.S., wended their way back to Grays, and sat down to tea at the
"King's Arms Hotel," served in capital style by Mr. Cuming; albeit
there was not room for all at the Inn, and many had to seek accommodation
elsewhere.
The President afterwards said that he thought such a juvenile Asso-
ciation as theirs might congratulate itself upon having been associated
with such a veteran body as the Geologists' Association. He was rather
glad that they had not been able to carry out their full programme,
because this might serve for an excuse for joining again with the
Association to finish off the beds at Little Thurrock. (Cheers.) Their
thanks had been expressed to the veteran geologist who had left (Professor
Morris), and it was now his pleasant duty to express their thanks to their
worthy conductor, Mr. Walker, for his admirably-rendered services. He
very much regretted that time had left them with only a very few moments