8
PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX.
West Thurrock-Upminster, new railway (T. V. Holmes.
E.N.. iv., 1890, pp. 143-149, map and three sections). Mid
Terrace river gravels ; no fossils or implements seem
to have been found [15, 19, 20]. 38
Grays (T. V. Holmes, E.N.. xiii., 1904. pp. 197-202, map and
sections). Greywethers in river gravel [20]. 39
Lea Valley (T. V. Holmes, E.N., viii., 1894, pp. 198-201).
Brief general sketch. 40
Stort Valley (A. Irving, E.N.. xvii., 1912, p. 123, brief notice).
Rubble drift [Palaeolithic] produced by re-distribution
of surface material gravitating down the hill slopes. 41
Felstead (W. H. Dalton, E.N., iv., 1890, p. 80). River-
drift beds 1 m. S. of Felstead, similar to those of Braintree,
and about 20 feet above the river. 42
Chelmsford (E.N., viii.. 1894, pp. 155 ; 219). Elephas
primigenius and Rhinoceros antiquitatis from Mr. J. Brown's
brickyard near Lower Anchor St. (E. T. Newton, E.N..
ix., 1895, pp. 16-19). Further report on the mammalia ;
Hippopotamus has been recorded from Moulsham, near
Chelmsford, but has not been found here. (T. V. Holmes,
E.N., ix., 1895, pp. 10-16, section) The valley is cut through
a plane of Boulder Clay into Glacial gravel ; the post-
glacial brickearth and gravel reaches 100 O.D., or 20 feet
above the marshes. The mammalian remains at Brown's
brickyard occur in a coarse gravelly layer 6 [or 15] feet
from the surface. Underlying this is blue clay with chalk
pebbles—clearly re-deposited Boulder Clay. 43
Chelmsford. Mollusca (W. M. Webb, E. N., ix., 1895, pp. 19-20).
From same deposit. All these remains were deeper from
the surface than at first supposed, as 9 feet had previously
been removed [20]. 44
Braintree (J. W. Kenworthy, E.AC, xi., 1899, p. 96). Pleis-
tocene brickearth, with teeth of Elephas (in E. F. C. Museum),
and palaeolithic flakes, flank the Holocene alluvium of
the valley. 45
Braintree (T. V. Holmes, E.A., xi., 1899, pp.121-124). Sketch
of the stratigraphy of the district, including Great Yeldham.
46
Great Yeldham (T. V Holmes, E.A., ix., 1895, pp. 115-118).
Brickearth and gravel, seen in a brickyard 200 yards W.
of the railway station. The deposit lies in a hollow in the
Boulder Clay, unconnected with the present streams.
Cervus elaphus (common), Elephas, Rhinoceros leptorhinus, 
Bos primigenius, Capreolus caprea, Ursus arctos. 47
Copford, Mollusca (W. M. Webb, E.N., xi., 1900, pp. 227-229
[20] 48