10 PRE-HISTORY IN ESSEX.
Mammalia, Clacton (S. H. Warren, E.N., xvii., 1912, p. 15;
visit to J. W. Kenworthy collection now in E.F.C. Museum,
E.N. x., 1898, p. 406 ; also xiv., 1906, pp. 164-165 ; visit
to H. Picton collection, E.N., xvi., 1911, pp. 322-323). 59
Mollusca, Clacton (W. M. Webb, E.N., xi., 1900, pp. 225-227)
[20]. 60
Mersea (W. H.Dalton, E.N., xv., 1908, pp. 136-137). The
gravels of Mersea, Walton Naze, etc., are erroneously
classed as Glacial on the Geological Survey Map. At a
spot 1 mile E. by N. of East Mersea church, where the
gravel is 15 feet thick, the author examined some dark-
blue silt, stated to have been dug from below the gravel.
This contained Cardium edule, Scrobicularia piperata,
Rissoa (thermalis ?). It is suggested that this may be a
similar deposit to that of Clacton. The surface level is
not stated, but the marine deposit is said to be not much
above high water. In reference to the above important
suggestion, a deposit of clay is seen on the foreshore at a
spot 3/8 mile S. by E. of East Mersea church, in which I have
found Elephas antiquus, Hippopotamus, Rhinoceros, . Bos,
and I believe that Alces machlis has also been found (see
also E.N., xvii., 1913, p. 231). 61
Shoeburyness [20]. Records Corbicula fluminalis, but nothing
known of the deposit. [It was probably from a deposit
now known to occur below sea level.] 62
Estuarine influence in Mid-Terrace of the Thames (M. A. C.
Hinton, E.N., xi., 1899, pp. 161-165). Refers to the occur-
rence of the estuarine shells Scrobicularia piperata at Ilford,
Littorina rudis at Crayford, and Paludestrina ventrosa
at both these localities and also at Grays. This affords a
comparison with Mersea ; the upper part of the Clacton
bed (also Mid-Terrace) is likewise estuarine. In the older
part of the Mid-Terrace, pure freshwater beds occur below
present sea level. 63
Trogontherium, Greenhithe, Kent (T. V. Holmes, xii., 1902,
p.243, quotation). 64
c. Low Terrace and Buried Channel.
Tilbury, etc. (T. V. Holmes, Proc., iv., 1885, p. clvi). Here
the chalk "platymore surface" (that is, the river-bed of
the buried channel) occurred at 60 to 70 feet below the
marsh level; at the Royal Albert Docks it was 43 to 46
feet. 65
Walthamstow, reservoirs (H. Woodward, T. & P., iii., 1882,
pp. 4-7). The upper part showed 5 to 9 feet of Alluvial
deposits; below these, the gravel was seen to 10 feet, but