LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Print of Woodcut from "Een korte beschryvinge van het wonderlycke kruyt Tobacco". Rotterdam, 1623 Frontispiece 2. Ben Bradley smoking in 1737: from a woodcut page 14 3. (a) Early Incuse Marks on Foot. (b) Later Marks. (c) A Broseley Foot (John Legg, 1687) page 16 4. Typical Evolutionary Series in Half-Century Steps page 21 5. Parts of a Pipe page 22 6. Departures from the Norm page 23 7. (a) 'IA', late 17th century; (b) 'Grapes' Pipe; (c) Modern Basket Pattern Facing page 26 8. (a) Ragged Pipe; (b) Crop Pipe; (c) Wheatear Pipe; (d) 19th Century Irish Decorated Pipe Facing page 27 9. Outlines of typical pipes: earliest to late 17th century, Facing page 40 10. Outlines of typical pipes: late 17th century to 19th century Facing page 40 11. No. 21 George Street, Colchester: A tobacco-pipe factory from mid-eighteenth century to c. 1910 Facing page 35 12. Pipe found at Creekmouth, Barking, 1963 Facing page 41