34
THE CLAY TOBACCO-PIPE IN BRITAIN
BOOKS AND PAPERS ON CLAY TOBACCO-PIPES
The following notes are by no means an attempt at an
exhaustive bibliography of the subject: hundreds of articles and
many books deal with smoking and refer to clay tobacco-pipes.
The full references in the text are to be found on page 37.
Those readers who are interested in Bristol pipes might seek
PRITCHARD'S "Tobacco pipes of Bristol in the Seventeenth
Century", or the article on p. 342 of the Archaeological Journal,
XLV.
Cambridge pipes are dealt with by SCOTT in XX of the
Cambridge Ant. Soc. Transactions.
Dorset Nat. Hist. Soc. has articles by ACKLAND: see also
"Herefordshire Pipe-factories" by WATKINS in the Woolhope
Nat. Hist Soc. Transactions.
Colchester pipes and pipe-makers are given careful and
detailed study in L. H. GANTS accounts in the Quarterly
Bulletins of the Colchester Archaeological Group, I, II, and III.
General accounts are to be found in Arch. Jnl., LVII, XXVI
(mainly Litchfield pipes), and XI, 181. In The Connoisseur, XVI
and LXXXVII are articles on elaborately-decorated pipes (mostly
NOT of clay).
FAIRHOLT'S "Tobacco: its History and Associations",
although just over 100 years old and therefore lacking the fruits
of modern research, is still very valuable for his scholarly foot-
notes and precision of references.
Undoubtedly, the most valuable specialist treatment of the
subject is in the articles by OSWALD in The Archaeological
News Letters of April 1951 and May 1955, and by OSWALD and
JAMES (ibid., March 1955). OSWALD'S recent paper on The
Archaeology and Economic History of English Tobacco-pipes in
the British Archaeological Journal, XXIII (series 3)—1960—is
the most comprehensive and latest treatment of the subject, with
a formidable 45-page list of over two thousand makers since 1600.
The Encyclopaedia of Antiques has an article on CLAY
TOBACCO-PIPES, which gives much interesting information of
tobacco imports and pipe exports, and a sheet of bowl outlines,
unfortunately NOT full-size.
In Country Life for December 28, 1961 (pp. 1633-34), there is
an interesting short article on clay-pipe manufacture. The open-
ing paragraph sets out to establish that clay tobacco-pipes were in
use fully twenty years earlier than is usually agreed: while the
evidence does not seem to the present Author to prove widespread
use of clay pipes from Henry VIII's reign, the early reference to
apprentice clay tobacco-pipe makers in the Statute of Labourers,
1563, should be noted.