General Characters of the Disturbance. 25
followed by a series of weaker vibrations and accompanied
by loud subterranean thunder. Lesser disturbances felt in
various parts of Europe from the 2nd to the 5th of March ;
most severely felt in northern Italy. Seismographs at
Naples and Vesuvius not affected. (H. J. Johnston Lavis, in
' Nature' of March 24th, and Brit. Assoc. Rep., Southport,
1883.)
1881. March 16th, 12 h. 10 m. a.m. Another slighter
shock at Casamicciola and Lacco; damaged walls and a tile
factory thrown down. A slight shock on March 27th at
6 h. 45 m. a.m. (' Nature,' March 24th and 31st.)
1881. April 3rd, 1 h. 50m. p.m. The Island of Chios;
three violent shocks, causing the total destruction of 45
towns and villages and the loss of over 4000 lives ; enormous
fissures opened and great landslips caused from the hills and
mountains. Shocks repeated almost daily to April 19th, 250
being noted since the first destructive disturbance. Many
towns on the mainland were also seriously injured by the
earthquake. Mount Vesuvius active. (' Nature,' April
14th, on authority of ' Daily News.')
1881. May 20th, night. Chios again ; two strong shocks
bringing down several houses that had escaped the last
earthquake. (' Nature,' May 26th.)
1881. June 9th, 12 h. 35 m. a.m. Switzerland; focus
probably valley of Upper Rhone ; seven or eight oscillations
accompanied by usual noise; bells rung, walls cracked,
slates dislodged and chimneys thrown down. On this same
date an earthquake was reported at Constantinople as having
devastated 34 villages in the district of Van. ('Nature,'
June 16th.)
1881. June 11th, 9h. 80m. a.m. Chios again; some
structural damage. ('Nature,' June 16th.)
1881. July 22nd, 2 k. 48 m. a.m. Switzerland, France
and Italy, extending over 8000 square kilometres. Preceded
and succeeded by slighter shocks; chimneys thrown down
and walls cracked in neighbourhood of Chambery and Aix-
les-Bains. (' Nature,' Aug. 18th, on authority of Swiss
Seismological Commission.)
1881. Aug. 26th, night. Chios and Tchesme ; said to
have been more severe than the shock of April 3rd; great
destruction of property. ('Nature,' Sept. 1st.) At noon on
this date a shock in Nottinghamshire. (See previous
catalogue, p. 11.)
1881. Aug. 27th, 4 h. 45 m. p.m. Gorey, Ireland. Felt
at Courtown House. (' Nature,' Sept. 15th.)
1881. Sept. 10th, about 8 h. a.m. Italy, in the Abruzzi;
several houses damaged and a few people killed and