7. THE ESSEX MARSHES IN AUGUST A visit to the marshes at this time of year (August) can often be very lucrative, but as we pushed our way through the crowds at Burnham-on-Crouch on this hot, sticky day, I felt more than a little pessimistic. Worse than the crowds and the heat was that the tide was rising and had already covered the mud. I cursed my negligence in not referring to a tide table. Everybody knows high tide visits are not much good for birds. Nevertheless we had come this far and thus determined to walk along the sea wall in a seaward direction. I began inspecting every gull carefully, as they seemed to be the only bird about, and soon separated a few common gulls, by their greenish-yellow bills, from the swarms of immature and moulting black-headed gulls. Herring Gulls were also present, their calls evoking memories of Cornish cliffs and coves. There was an abundance of butterflies, hundreds of Wall Browns and Gatekeepers gathered on the blooms of sea lavender, and Small Whites rapidly flapped their wings in a strange mating ritual. Fewer were the yellower Large Whites and the small Essex Skippers clinging to the stems of meadow fescue grass. A treat for my eye was a lone Peacock lazily flapping about the Ragwort where the wasp coloured larvae of the Cinna- bar moth fed. As we neared the sea the weather and the whole atmosphere of the marshes began to change. A wind had swung in from the north east with the tide, bringing the odd squall