CONTENTS WHAT IS HEATHLAND? 4 RECENT HISTORY OF TIPTREE HEATH 4 MANAGEMENT OF TIPTREE HEATH 7 THE CONSERVATION GROUP 9 BIOLOGICAL RECORDING 10 Birds 10 Mammals 11 Plants 12 Heather 12 Gorse 13 Bracken 14 Woodland 14 Grassland 15 Invertebrates 18 BIBLIOGRAPHY 19 Figure 1. Part of Tiptree Heath in the 18th century. Much of the heathland shown in this 1777 map was under the plough by the time the G. S. Gibson "Flora" was published in 1862: The present-day Tiptree Heath is shown arrowed. The unidentified circle is probably the race course. The 18th century woodland in the Great Braxted area is still largely intact, although partly coniferised. Scale 1:50,000. Reproduced from Chapman and Andre 1777. 3