meetings. This was a radical change from pre-war general field-meetings, which were attended by several of the very learned specialist members who readily gave instruction to anyone present who sought it in their special fields: this may have been the last remnant of the nineteenth century practice of widespread teaching by the cultured few and clearly it seemed inappropriate to an age of much wider general knowledge and perhaps less respect for traditional authority. However that may be, the Club in its new aspect is as popular and effective as ever; the members look forward to more achievements in research to be recorded in the Essex Naturalist as the Essex Field Club enters its second century. THE ESSEX FIELD CLUB PATRON: H.R.H. The Duke of GLOUCESTER, G.C.V.O., Ranger of Epping Forest Table 1: THE PRESIDENTS Dates of Name Presidency 1880-1882 Prof. Raphael MELDOLA, F.R.S., F.C.S., F.I.C, etc. 1883-1884 Prof. G. S. BOULGER, F.L.S., F.G.S. 1885-1887 Thomas V. HOLMES, F.G.S. 1888-1891 Howard A. FITCH, C.C, F.L.S., F.E.S. 1892 Henry LAVER, J.P., M.R.C.S., F.L.S., F.S.A. 1893-1894 Fredk. CHANCELLOR, J.P., F.R.I.B.A. 1895-1900 David HOWARD, J.P., F.C.S., F.I.C. 1901-1902 Prof. Raphael MELDOLA, F.R.S., etc. 1903-1904 F.W. RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S. 1905-1907 R. Miller CHRISTY, F.L.S. 1908-1910 T. S. DYMOND, F.C.S., F.I.C. 1911-1913 William WHITAKER, F.R.S., F.G.S. 1914-1915 S. Hazzledine WARREN, F.G.S. 1916-1919 Miss GULIELMA LISTER, F.L.S. 1920-1922 Robert PAULSON, F.L.S., F.R.M. 1923-1925 Sir Arthur SMITH-WOODWARD, LI.D., F.R.S. 1926-1929 D. J. SCOURFIELD, I.S.O., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.M.S. 1930-1932 Sir David PRAIN, C.M.G., C.I.E., F.R.S. 1933-1936 William E. GLEGG, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 1936-1939 John RAMSBOTTOM, O.B.E., M.A., D.Sc., etc. 1939-1945 S. Hazzledine WARREN, F.G.S. 1945-1949 Prof. Frank W. JANE, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.L.S. 1949-1953 Laurence S. HARLEY, B.Sc, F.S.A. 1953-1956 Prof. C. T. INGOLD, D.Sc. 1956-1959 E. E. SYMS, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. 1959-1961 E. F. WILLIAMS, F.R.E.S., F.Z.S. 1961-1964 T. H. C. BARTROP 1964-1966 B. T. WARD 1966-1970 W. R. MASEFIELD 1970-1973 P. W. GLASSBOROW 1973-1976 M. T. PARKER, B.Sc, L.I.Biol. 1976-1979 D. R. SCOTT 1979- A. J. R.SNELLING 18