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S. HAZZLEDINE WARREN,
glaciation here, with a final minor recrudescence of cold (after
intervening milder conditions) in the Magdalenian.
Many continental archaeologists place, not merely a glaciation,
but the maximum phase of the whole glacial period, in the
Mousterian. Let us take as examples, an older book, that of
G. and A. de Mortillet (Le Prehistorique Origine et Antiquite
de I'Homme, editions of 1883, 1885 and 1900), and the new and
admirable summary of Peyrony (Elements de Prehistoire,
1923). Both these books express the view indicated above.
But both these books also prove incontestably from a review
of the evidences of the fauna and flora, that at least a great
part of the Mousterian period was milder rather than
colder, though more humid, than the climate of to-day.
In the succeeding stages the cold became more and more
rigorous until it culminated in the tundra conditions of the
Magdalenian.
I cannot call to mind any writer who docs not appeal to
the cold fauna and flora of the Mousterian (admittedly colder
than the Chellian) as the main basis of evidence for correlation
with a glacial episode, whereas this is the respect in which the
Mousterian must give place to the Magdalenian.
If we take the reindeer as an illustration, this makes its first
appearance in south-central France in the Mousterian, subse-
quently increases in abundance, and becomes dominant in the
Magdalenian. At Mentone, the Elephas antiquus fauna con-
tinued into the Mousterian, and was not driven out and replaced
by the reindeer fauna until later. Likewise, in Northern Spain,
the warm fauna continued to hold the field into the Lower Aurig-
nacian, after which the reindeer and mammoth began to make
their appearance (5).
Many of the Mousterian sites are outside the glaciated area,
but by no means all of them. The Taubach deposit overlies the
local glacial deposits (referred to the Rissian), and the flint in-
dustry here is either Mousterian or a little earlier. The fauna
is the southern Elephas antiquus fauna which had therefore re-
established itself as far north as Saxe-Weimar after the ice of an
important glacial episode had passed away. That is a notable
item of evidence.
Burkitt is a staunch supporter of what I have called the
" orthodox " view. He rightly emphasises the first importance
of Stratigraphical evidence, and in this respect he relies upon the
cave of Cotencher (6) to support his case. I am not acquainted
with the site at first hand, but from the published accounts I
cannot see that the correlation of the Mousterian with the
Wurmian could be inferred if it were not assumed as true in
advance.