64 Table 2 Results from surveys of 45 (3 m2) quadrats Covering the April 1992 scrape One species, Tormentil, was noticeable for its significant decline from 31% to 4%, which is in direct contrast to its increase observed in the August 1992 scrape. This could be a result of the flooding in the April 1992 scrape, although the appearance of Mat Grass and the increase in Heather, reported above, suggest that other factors may be responsible for Tormentil's decline. Birch has remained at much the same frequency (16 - 18%) which gives an indication of the effectiveness of the grazing (see also below), as well as the effects of winter flooding. Impacts of grazing The two 0.25 hectare grids, one over a Bracken-dominated area ('the southern grid') and the other over a Purple Moor-grass-dominated area ('the northern grid'), have responded differently to the grazing and so their results are presented separately below in Tables 3a & b and 4a & b respectively. Purple Moor-grass Essex Naturalist (New Series) 16 (1999)