Readers are advised that publication of material in the Essex Naturalist does not imply, unless indicated to the contrary, that the views and opinions expressed therein are shared by the editors or by the Council of the Essex Field Club. Cover photograph: The Shrill carder bee Bombus sylvarum ã Prof. E. Benton a priority national Biodiversity Action Plan Species with important populations in the south Essex region. See pages 5-13 and 73-76.