The distribution of the Oxlip Primula elatior (L.) Hill in Essex Acknowledgements Many people have helped in the preparation of this paper. My greatest debt is to Chris Preston. The project and much of its format were stimulated by his similar work in Cambridgeshire, and he made many helpful comments on the draft under considerable time pressure. Arnold Cooke offered much advice on the paper, particularly on those aspects relating to deer. His methods are regularly used on the reserves of the Essex Wildlife Trust as a part of our deer management programmes. Ken Adams, County plant recorder for Essex, without whose efforts Jermyn's flora may not have seen the light of day, gave tremendous support to the project, including personal records, mapping, and historical data. Many thanks must go to the individual recorders, Tony Morton, Peter Gomm, Anna Tilmouth, David Corke, and Shirley Watson who all gave much of their personal time to carry out the survey so efficiently. In particular I thank Charles and Shirley Watson for their meticulous historical records, which gave the project such a good start. Reserve wardens Mike Rowley and Roy Norfolk gave tremendous detail on their sites. Simon Leatherdale of the Forest Enterprise surveyed a number of their sites and without his endless help and patience it would not have been possible to unravel the complex situation at Hempstead Wood. Staff at Uttlesford and Braintree District Councils gave enormous help in locating most of the owners of the sites we visited. Without the knowledge of Mrs Elsie James and Doug Joice it would not have been possible to understand the position at Great Bardfield. Thanks also go to all those who wrote to me with their observations and records on the Oxlip - if their interest is anything to go by it should be the county flower of Essex! I am grateful to the Saffron Walden Conservation Volunteers and to English Nature for the funding that made the project possible. Finally, but not least, many thanks to Peter Harvey, technical editor of the Essex Field Club's 'Essex Naturalist' Journal, for getting the paper into print - his efficiency made everything very easy. References ABEYWICKRAMA, B.A. (1949) A study of the variations in field layer vegetation of two Cambridgeshire woods. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge ADAMSON, R.S. (1910) Note on the relationships vf Primula elatior and P. vulgaris to soil conditions. Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society oj Edinburgh, 24: 84-86 ADAMSON, R.S. (1912) An ecological study of a Cambridgeshire woodland. Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany), 40: 339-387 BROWNE, K. (1995) A study of the Oxlips of Shadwell Wood. B.Sc, dissertation, Anglia Polytechnic University CHRISTY. R.M. (1884) On the species of the genus Primula in Essex; with observations on their variation and distribution, and the relative number and fertility in nature of the two forms of flowers. Transactions of the Essex Field Club. 3: 148-211 CHRISTY, R.M. (1897) Primula elatior in Britain: its distribution, peculiarities, hybrids and allies. Journal of the Linnean Society (Botany). 33: 172-201 CHRISTY, R.M. (1 922) Primula elatior Jacquin: its distribution in Britain. Journal of Ecology. 10: 200- 210 CHRISTY, R.M. (1924) Primula elatior - its distribution in Britain - supplementary note. Journal of Ecology, 12: 314-316 COOKE, A.S. & FARRELL, L. (1993) Establishment and impact of Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) on two national nature reserves. In Mayle B (Ed) Muntjac deer. Their biology, impact and management in Britain: 48-62. Edinburgh: Forestry Commission COOKE, A.S., Farrell, L., Kirby, K.J. & Thomas, R.C. (1995) Changes in abundance and size of dog's mercury apparently associated with grazing by muntjac. Deer, 9: 429-433 COOKE, A.S. (1997) Effects of grazing by muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) on bluebells (Hyyacinthoides non- scripta) and a field technique for assessing feeding activity. In Communications from the Mammal Society - No. 74 Ed. Gorman, M.L. Journal of Zoology.). 242: 365-369 COOKE, A.S. (2001) Information on Muntjac from studying ivy. Deer 11 (9): 498 - 500 Essex Naturalist (New Series) 19 (2002) 133