The Otter Lutra lutra in Essex 1996-2002
JONGH, A. W.J .J. de (1991) Restoration and development of Otter habitats: ahead to a substitute past. In:
Reuther, C. & Rochert, R. (eds), Proceedings of the V International Otter Colloquium, Habitat 6: 209-
211.
LENTON, E.J., CHANIN, P.R.F. & JEFFERIES, D.J. (1980) Otter Survey of England 1977-79. Nature
Conservancy Council, London.
MACDONALD, S. M. & MASON, C.F. (1976) The status of the Otter (Lutra lutra L.) in Norfolk.
Biological Conservation 9: 199-1 24.
MACDONALD, S.M. & MASON, C.F. (1994). Status and conservation needs of the Otter (Lutra lutra) in
the western Palearctic. Council of Europe, Nature and Environment Series No. 67.
MADSEN, A.B. (1996) Otter Lutra lutra mortality in relation to traffic, and experience with newly
established fauna passages at existing road bridges. Lutra 39: 76-90.
MASON, C.F. (1995) Impact of pollution on the European Otter. Cahiers d'Ethologie 15: 307-320.
MASON, C.F. (1998) Decline of PCB levels in Otters {Lutra lutra). Chemosphere 36: 169-171.
MASON, C.F. (2002) Biology of freshwater pollution. 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Harlow.
MASON, C.F. & BARAK, N.A.-E. (1990) A catchment survey for heavy metals using the eel (Anguilla
anguilla). Chemosphere 21: 695-699.
MASON, C.F. & MACDONALD, S.M. (1990) The riparian woody plant community of regulated rivers in
eastern England. Regulated Rivers 5: 159-166.
MASON, C.F. & MACDONALD, S.M. (1993a) Impact of organochlorine residues and PCBs on Otters
(Lutra lutra) in eastern England. Science of the Total Environment 138: 147-160.
MASON, C.F. & MACDONALD, S.M. (1993b) Impact of organochlorine residues and PCBs on Otters
(Lutra lutra): a study from western Britain. Science of the Total Environment 138: 127-145.
MASON, C.F. & MADSEN, A.B. (1993) Organochlorine pesticide residues and PCBs in Danish Otters
(Lutra lutra). Science of the Total Environment 133: 73-81.
MASON, C.F. & WREN, CD. (2001) Carnivora. In: Shore, R. & Rattner, B. (eds), Ecotoxicology of Wild
Mammals. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 315-370.
MURK, A.J., LEONARDS, P.E.G., VAN HATTUM, B., LUIT, R., VAN DER WEIDEN, M.E.J. & SMIT,
M. (1998) Application of biomarkers for exposure and effect of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons
in naturally exposed European Otters [Lutra, lutra). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 6:
91-102.
PHILCOX, C.K, GROGAN, A.L. & MACDONALD, D.W. (1999) Patterns of Otter Lutra lutra road
mortality in Britain. Journal of Applied Ecology 36: 748-762.
ROCHE, K., HARRIS, R„ WARRINGTON, S. and COPP, GH. (1995) Home range and diet of re-
introduced European Otters Lutra lutra (L.) in Hertfordshire rivers. Aquatic Conservation 5: 87-96.
ROOS, A., GREYER2, E., OLSSON, M. & SANDEGREN, F. (2001) The Otter (Lutra lutra) in Sweden -
population trends in relation to total DDT and total PCB concentrations during 1968-99. Environmental
Pollution 111: 457-469.
SIMPSON, V.R, BAIN, M.S., BROWN, Et., BROWN, B.F. & LACEY, R.F. (2000) A long-term study of
vitamin A and polychlorinated hydrocarbon levels in Otters (Lutra lutra) in south west England.
Environmental Pollution 110: 267-275.
STEPHENS, M.N. (1957) The Natural History of the Otter. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare,
London.
STRACIIAN, R., BIRKS, J.D.S., CIIANIN, P.R.F. & JEFFERIES, D.J. (1990) Otter survey of England
1984-1986. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.
STRACHAN, R. & JEFFERIES, D.J. (1996) Otter survey of England 1991-1994. Vincent Wildlife Trust,
London.
WEST, R.H. (1975) The Suffolk Otter survey. Suffolk Natural History 16: 378-388.
176
Essex Naturalist (New Series) 20 (2003)